The infestation is spread by nursery plants and air currents. Ang eriosoma lanigerum sakop sa kahenera nga eriosoma sa kabanay nga aphididae. Woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum, research in india. Apple rootstock breeding and selection protocols objective 1. Pdf laboratory bioassays to determine susceptibility of. All three indices indicated a highly aggregated distribution of the aphid in the apple orchard.
The wax is produced after each moult so newly moulted. It is a native of north america, where the american elm ulmus americana linnaeus urticales. Aphididae, is a worldwide pest of apple malus domestica borkhausen. The woolly apple aphid waa, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, is an important pest of apple orchards worldwide, causing direct damage through feeding by the highly specialized piercingsucking mouthparts. The sourcing of new resistant accessions and understanding their resistance mechanisms are significant aspects of a breeding strategy for durable resistance. The stylet penetration pathway of the probing aphid was studied by analysing the waveforms of different patterns and voltage levels. Eriosoma lanigerum is mostly a temperate aphid species and extensively codistributed with cultivated apple. Woolly apple aphid waa, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann hemiptera. A handbook of the destructive insects of victoria with notes on the methods to be adopted to check and extirpate them 1891 14595140718. Alates are produced from july to november and lay nymphs with degenerate mouth parts. The pest is controlled in the nursery either by diptreatment with fenitrothion 0.
Biology and management practices, with focus on the potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes and. Laboratory bioassays to determine susceptibility of woolly. Woolly apple aphid waa, eriosoma lanigerum, is an important pest of apples, occurring throughout the applegrowing regions of the world. Eriosoma lanigerum, woolly apple aphid waa, is an important pest of apples in the western cape province of south africa and in other applegrowing areas of the world. Various approaches to use beneficial insects were not really effective. Eriosoma lanigerum definition of eriosoma lanigerum by. Mouthpart structure in the woolly apple aphid eriosoma. Entomopathogenic nematodes epns of the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae have generated intensive interest as inundative biocontrol agents of pest insects. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of eriosoma. In the older literature it was assumed that this species also, or perhaps originally, occurs in north america and there passes a spring generation on elm. Woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, in. A series of experiments in virginia, usa apple orchards evaluated the temporal effects of natural enemies on eriosoma lanigerum hausmann hemiptera. Most eriosoma species spend the winter as eggs in cracks and crevices of elm bark. Apple woolly aphid, erosoma lanigerum hausmann hemiptera.
Spatial distribution and interaction of eriosoma lanigerum. Though perceived as a pest, it is actually an underappreciated biological control agent and likely a beneficial insect in most apple. Exclusion cage studies using potted trees resulted in increasing colony numbers on fully caged trees and declining colony numbers or colony extinction on trees exposed to natural enemies. Aphid colonies on the trunk, branches or twigs can cause deformations, blisters, splitting and cancerlike swellings of the bark blackman and eastop, 1984. Eriosoma lanigerum is an exotic species in the middle east. Eriosoma lanigerum on apple eriosoma lanigerum on apple 20070401 00. Article pdf available in journal of nematology 462. Earwig forficula auricularia predation on the woolly. Ulmaceae is the primary host and apple the secondary one. Mimaphidus lanata salisbury mimaphidus lanigerum hausmann mimaphidus mali leach myzoxyles lanigerum hausmann myzoxyles mali leach myzoxylos lanata salisbury schizoneura lanigera hausmann.
Concepts of apple rootstock breeding and selection. Pyrus cotoneaster cydolzia geographical distribution 4 par cotoneaster quince eppo region. Knowledge of the seasonal abundance and type of spatial distribution of any insect pest is the prerequisite to formulate a reliable sampling programme for that species. To obtain a better understanding of feeding, the morphology of mouthparts of the waa was examined using scanning electron microscopy sem. This aphid is globally distributed mostly in temperate regions of the world. Aphididae common names woolly apple aphid puceron lanigkre du pommier blutlaus pulgon lanigero del mantano principal hosts 21 malus pamila apple especially dwarf varieties occasionally but not a serious pest. The management of waa primarily entails the use of resistant. The complete life cycle requires one year to complete, involving both a winter host of elm and summer hosts of apple, crabapple, or mountainash. The adults of eriosoma lanigerum are small to mediumsized aphids, up to 2mm long, and have an elliptical shape, are reddish brown to purple in colour but the colour is normally hidden by the white cottonlike secretion from the specialised glands in the aphids abdomen which gives it the common name of woolly apple aphid. The body length of eriosoma lanigerum apterae is 1. It reproduces all year round on apple and crab apple. The fundatrices and their apterous offspring are dark green and waxcovered.
Compounds in aphid saliva that are toxic to trees are partly responsible for the severity of this. In organic orchards where the pest is often troublesome, emphasis should be placed on cultural control measures such as the provision of artificial refuges for earwigs and, if practicable, physical destruction of colonies in spring high volume sprays of fatty acids should be applied when damaging infestations develop. Download fulltext pdf potential of entomopathogenic nematodes to control woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum. Eriosoma lanigerum an overview sciencedirect topics.
Winter treatments against the woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum. Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests 2019. Specific approval and amendment first approved in 2006. However, in warmer locations or protected sites some nymphs can survive on the roots of apple. Woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, in south africa. Stupid mouse trap mouse trap with water bottle easy saving mouse mouse trap in action duration. Documents about eriosoma lanigerum erisla number title download. Insecta, hemimetabola, hemiptera, sternorrhyncha, aphidoidea, aphididae common name. Annual report of the nebraska state horticultural society 18244672919. Pdf woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann. Resistance of a number of apple accessions to the woolly apple aphid waa eriosoma lanigerum hausm. A new profile in the journal of integrated pest management busts some myths about the european earwig forficula auricularia.
Field evaluations of the contribution of predators and the. Aphididae, is one of the most important insect pests of apple throughout the world. Laboratory bioassays to determine susceptibility of woolly apple. The aphid forms densely packed colonies covered with white, waxy, filamentous secretions, on the aboveground parts and on the roots of apple trees. Lettris is a curious tetrisclone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. Eriosoma lanigerum noun the noun eriosoma lanigerum has 1 sense 1. Aphididae, was monitored on woody tissues of the susceptible apple malus domestica cultivar royal gala, using the electrical penetration graph epg technique. Of nearctic origin, the pest has a wide geographical distribution and occurs throughout the middle east host plants.
On their secondary host apple eriosoma lanigerum wingless females are purple, red or brown and are covered in thick white flocculent wax. Eriosoma lanigerum primarily a bark feeder on aerial parts and roots of apple and other trees american blight, woolly apple aphid eriosoma, genus. Considering resistance of waa against certain insecticides and the inability of. Abstract wodlly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum hsm. Woolly aphid eriosoma lanigerum hausmann apple best. This is produced by distinct wax glands on the head and along the thorax and abdomen.
Eriosoma lanigerum synonyms, eriosoma lanigerum pronunciation, eriosoma lanigerum translation, english dictionary definition of eriosoma lanigerum. The probing behaviour of woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum homoptera. Aphid colonies were discovered and exterminated primarily by earwigs much more rapidly in the high and intermediate earwig density plots than in the low. Woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum hausmann ecology and its relationship with climatic variables and natural enemies in mediterranean areas. Pdf winter treatments against the woolly apple aphid. In north america its primary host is the american elm tree ulmus. Discovery of three woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum hemiptera.
Aphididae colonies on potted and mature apple trees. Eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, 1802 woolly apple aphid, american blight on ulmus, primary host plant gall. It has a narrow host range, feeding almost entirely on rosaceous plants. Eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, 1802 kingdom animalia animals. Eriosoma lanigerum erislaoverview eppo global database. Eriosoma lanigerum erisladocuments eppo global database. Electronically monitored stylet penetration pathway of. The present study was aimed to study the seasonal abundance and. Media in category eriosoma the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. A new distribution map is provided for eriosoma lanigerum hsm. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble english words left, right, up, down from the falling squares. The diploid chromosome number is 2n 12, although male sexuales are apparently 2n 11 gautam and verma, 1983a. Woolly apply aphid predation by the common earwig, forficula auricularia l. In spring eriosoma ulmi fundatrices develop in yellowish or whitish green galls on elm see first picture below.
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